A new super-soft X-ray source in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Discovery of the first Be/white dwarf system in the SMC?

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of a super-soft X-ray source in the Small Magellanic Cloud, likely a Be/white dwarf binary system, which is the first of its kind identified in this galaxy.

Contribution

It presents the identification of the first Be/white dwarf system in the SMC through multi-wavelength analysis and spectral modeling.

Findings

X-ray spectrum consistent with white dwarf atmosphere models

Optical counterpart shows variability and brightening

Candidate system is the first Be/white dwarf binary in the SMC

Abstract

The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) hosts a large number of Be/X-ray binaries, however no Be/white dwarf system is known so far, although population synthesis calculations predict that they might be more frequent than Be/neutron star systems. XMMUJ010147.5-715550 was found as a new faint super-soft X-ray source (SSS) with a likely Be star optical counterpart. We investigate the nature of this system and search for further high-absorbed candidates in the SMC. We analysed the XMM-Newton X-ray spectrum and light curve, optical photometry, and the I-band OGLE III light curve. The X-ray spectrum is well represented by black-body and white dwarf atmosphere models with highly model-dependent temperature between 20 and 100 eV. The likely optical counterpart AzV 281 showed low near infrared emission during X-ray activity, followed by a brightening in the I-band afterwards. We find further candidates for high-absorbed SSSs with a blue star as counterpart. We discuss XMMUJ010147.5-715550 as the first candidate for a Be/white dwarf binary system in the SMC.