Temperature and Voltage Probes Far from Equilibrium

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method to determine probe parameters in non-equilibrium electron systems, ensuring a unique solution and demonstrating its effectiveness on well-known models.

Contribution

It presents a novel iterative algorithm for solving probe parameter equations in non-equilibrium quantum systems, guaranteeing uniqueness and computational efficiency.

Findings

Unique solution for probe parameters established

Fast converging iterative algorithm developed

Validated on three-terminal and Aharonov-Bohm models

Abstract

We consider an open system of non-interacting electrons consisting of a small sample connected to several reservoirs and temperature or voltage probes. We study the non-linear system of equations that determines the probe parameters. We show that it has a unique solution, which can be computed with a fast converging iterative algorithm. We illustrate our method with two well-known models: the three-terminal system and the open Aharovov-Bohm interferometer.