Dynamical friction in a gaseous medium with a large-scale magnetic field

TL;DR

This paper investigates how large-scale magnetic fields alter the dynamical friction force on a gravitating body moving through a gaseous medium, revealing that magnetic fields can both suppress and enhance drag depending on conditions.

Contribution

It provides a linear perturbation theory analysis of magnetic field effects on dynamical friction, highlighting the dependence on Mach number and magnetic field orientation.

Findings

Magnetic fields modify the shape of the gravitational wake.

The peak drag force shifts away from Mach 1 in magnetized media.

Magnetic fields suppress or enhance dynamical friction depending on the regime.

Abstract

The dynamical friction force experienced by a massive gravitating body moving through a gaseous medium is modified by sufficiently strong large-scale magnetic fields. Using linear perturbation theory, we calculate the structure of the wake generated by, and the gravitational drag force on, a body traveling in a straight-line trajectory in a uniformly magnetized medium. The functional form of the drag force as a function of the Mach number (V_0/c_s, where V_0 is the velocity of the body and c_s the sound speed) depends on the strength of the magnetic field and on the angle between the velocity of the perturber and the direction of the magnetic field. In particular, the peak value of the drag force is not near Mach number 1 for a perturber moving in a sufficiently magnetized medium. As a rule of thumb, we may state that for supersonic motion, magnetic fields act to suppress dynamical friction; for subsonic motion, magnetic fields tend to enhance dynamical friction. For perturbers moving along the magnetic field lines, the drag force at some subsonic Mach numbers may be stronger than it is at supersonic velocities. We also mention the relevance of our findings to black hole coalescence in galactic nuclei.