Ground states of dipolar gases in quasi-1D ring traps

TL;DR

This paper investigates the ground states of dipolar gases confined in quasi-1D ring traps, revealing transitions from Fermi-like to crystal-like and clustered states depending on interaction strength and dipole orientation.

Contribution

It introduces a combined few-body and analytic approach to analyze dipolar gases in ring traps, establishing a mapping between Lieb-Liniger and dipolar parameters and exploring inhomogeneous effects.

Findings

Weak interactions resemble Fermi or Lieb-Liniger gases.

Strong interactions lead to crystal-like localization.

Partially attractive interactions cause clustering at strong coupling.

Abstract

We compute the ground state of dipoles in a quasi-one-dimensional ring trap using few-body techniques combined with analytic arguments. The effective interaction between two dipoles depends on their center-of-mass coordinate and can be tuned by varying the angle between dipoles and the plane of the ring. For weak enough interactions, the state resembles a weakly interacting Fermi gas or an (inhomogeneous) Lieb-Liniger gas. A mapping between the Lieb-Liniger and the dipolar-gas parameters in and beyond the Born approximation is established, and we discuss the effect of inhomogeneities based on a local-density approximation. For strongly repulsive interactions, the system exhibits crystal-like localization of the particles. Their inhomogeneous distribution may be understood in terms of a simple few-body model as well as a local-density approximation. In the case of partially attractive interactions, clustered states form for strong enough coupling, and the dependence of the state on particle number and orientation angle of the dipoles is discussed analytically.