Extension of self-seeding to hard X-rays >10 keV as a way to increase user access at the European XFEL

TL;DR

This paper proposes a self-seeding scheme with single crystal monochromators at the European XFEL to generate monochromatic, high-power hard X-ray pulses at 16 keV, significantly increasing user capacity and application scope.

Contribution

It introduces a novel self-seeding approach with crystal monochromators for hard X-rays above 10 keV, enabling high power, narrow bandwidth radiation and multi-user distribution.

Findings

FEL power can reach about 100 GW with tapering.

Monochromatic X-ray distribution system using crystal deflectors is feasible.

Potential to serve 10 users simultaneously with minimal beam loss.

Abstract

We propose to use the self-seeding scheme with single crystal monochromator at the European X-ray FEL to produce monochromatic, high-power radiation at 16 keV. Based on start to end simulations we show that the FEL power of the transform-limited pulses can reach about 100 GW by exploiting tapering in the tunable-gap baseline undulator. The combination of high photon energy, high peak power, and very narrow bandwidth opens a vast new range of applications, and includes the possibility to considerably increase the user capacity and fully exploit the high repetition rate of the European XFEL. In fact, dealing with monochromatic hard X-ray radiation one may use crystals as deflectors with minimum beam loss. To this end, a photon beam distribution system based on the use of crystals in the Bragg reflection geometry is proposed for future study and possible extension of the baseline facility. They can be repeated a number of times to form an almost complete (one meter scale) ring with an angle of 20 degrees between two neighboring lines. The reflectivity of crystal deflectors can be switched fast enough by flipping the crystals with piezo-electric devices similar to those for X-ray phase retarders at synchrotron radiation facilities. It is then possible to distribute monochromatic hard X-rays among 10 independent instruments, thereby enabling 10 users to work in parallel. The unmatched repetition rate of the European XFEL would be therefore fully exploited.