Multivariate Force of Mortality

TL;DR

This paper introduces bi-variate and multivariate force of mortality functions to better analyze mortality differentials and patterns, extending traditional age-only models for more comprehensive demographic and actuarial insights.

Contribution

It presents the first formulation of multivariate force of mortality functions, enabling more detailed analysis of mortality influences beyond age alone.

Findings

Multivariate functions provide deeper mortality analysis.

Potential to explain global mortality decline.

Applications in actuarial science and demographic studies.

Abstract

In usual demographic analysis, force of mortality is a function of one variable, that is, of age. In this article bi-variate and multivariate force of mortality functions are introduced for the first time to explain mortality differentials. The pattern of mortality in a population is one of the strong influencing factors in determining the life expectancies at various ages in the population. Considering univariate functions of age only to understand the human mortality data without associating with other variables could lead to incomplete analysis. The reasons behind declining forces of mortality globally could be studied using the proposed functions. Other applications of multivariate forces of mortality could be in actuarial sciences.