Finite isospin density probe for conformality

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel lattice simulation method using isospin chemical potential to distinguish between confining and IR conformal theories, enabling extraction of key physical parameters without changing lattice parameters.

Contribution

The paper proposes a new lattice approach employing isospin chemical potential to probe different QCD-like theories and extract physical quantities, avoiding lattice adjustments.

Findings

Isospin chemical potential can be used to differentiate confining and conformal theories.

The method allows extraction of the chiral condensate and mass anomalous dimension.

Finite volume and lattice spacing effects are analyzed.

Abstract

A new method of employing an isospin chemical potential for QCD-like theories with different number of colors, number of fermion flavors, and in different fermion representations is proposed. The isospin chemical potential, which can be simulated on the lattice due to its positive definite determinant gives a means to probe both confining theories and IR conformal theories without adjusting the lattice spacing and size. As the quark mass is reduced, the isospin chemical potential provides an avenue to extract the chiral condensate in confining theories through the resulting pseudoscalar condensate. For IR conformal theories, the mass anomalous dimension can be extracted in the conformal window through "finite density" scaling since the isospin chemical potential is coupled to a conserved current. In both of these approaches, the isospin chemical potential can be continuously varied for each ensemble at comparable costs while maintaining the hierarchy between the lattice size and lattice spacing. In addition to exploring these methods, finite volume and lattice spacing effects are investigated.