Farewell to black hole horizons and singularities?

TL;DR

This paper explores the possibility that black holes may lack horizons and singularities at a classical level, challenging traditional views and suggesting alternative astrophysical models without quantum gravity.

Contribution

It proposes that black holes could be fundamentally different objects without horizons or singularities, based on classical physics and semi-classical considerations.

Findings

Black holes might be horizonless and nonsingular at a classical level.

Classical and semi-classical mechanisms could prevent singularity formation.

The analysis supports a deterministic view of quantum mechanics in black hole physics.

Abstract

We consider the fundamental issues which dominate the question about the existence or non-existence of black hole horizons and singularities from both of the theoretical and observational points of view, and discuss some of the ways that black hole singularities can be prevented from forming at a classical level, i.e. without arguments of quantum gravity. In this way, we argue that black holes could have a different nature with respect the common belief. In fact, even remaining very compact astrophysics objects, they could be devoid of horizons and singularities. Our analysis represents a key point within the debate on the path to unification of theories. As recently some scientists partially retrieved the old Einstein's opinion that quantum mechanics has to be subjected to a more general deterministic theory, a way to find solutions to the problem of black hole horizons and singularities at a semi-classical level, i.e. without discussions of quantum gravity, becomes a fundamental framework.