Casimir Friction Force for Moving Harmonic Oscillators

TL;DR

This paper investigates Casimir friction between moving dielectric particles using a microscopic harmonic oscillator model, extending previous theories, and demonstrates the equivalence of different theoretical approaches to this quantum friction phenomenon.

Contribution

It introduces a microscopic harmonic oscillator model for Casimir friction at finite temperature and establishes equivalence with recent alternative theoretical results.

Findings

Finite energy dissipation corresponding to friction force at finite temperature

Zero energy change at zero temperature for constant velocity

Equivalence of different theoretical approaches to Casimir friction

Abstract

Casimir friction is analyzed for a pair of dielectric particles in relative motion. We first adopt a microscopic model for harmonically oscillating particles at finite temperature T moving non-relativistically with constant velocity. We use a statistical-mechanical description where time-dependent correlations are involved. This description is physical and direct, and, in spite of its simplicity, is able to elucidate the essentials of the problem. This treatment elaborates upon, and extends, an earlier theory of ours back in 1992. The energy change Delta E turns out to be finite in general, corresponding to a finite friction force. In the limit of zero temperature the formalism yields, however, Delta E ->0, this being due to our assumption about constant velocity, meaning slowly varying coupling. For couplings varying more rapidly, there will also be a finite friction force at T=0. As second part of our work, we consider the friction problem using time-dependent perturbation theory. The dissipation, basically a second order effect, is obtainable with the use of first order theory, the reason being the absence of cross terms due to uncorrelated phases of eigenstates. The third part of the present paper is to demonstrate explicitly the equivalence of our results with those recently obtained by Barton (2010); this being not a trivial task since the formal results are seemingly quite different from each other.