Constraining Extra Neutral Gauge Bosons with Atomic Parity Violation Measurements

TL;DR

Atomic parity violation measurements can effectively constrain properties of hypothetical $Z'$ bosons, providing a complementary approach to collider searches for new physics beyond the standard model.

Contribution

This paper demonstrates how atomic parity violation data can set bounds on $Z'$ boson masses and couplings, and explores the potential of future experiments to distinguish models.

Findings

Current APV measurements constrain $Z'$ models.

Future APV experiments can improve bounds and discriminate models.

Atomic measurements could be crucial in discovering new physics.

Abstract

The discovery of a new neutral gauge boson, $Z'$, could provide the first concrete evidence of physics beyond the standard model. We explore how nuclear weak charge measurements in atomic parity violation (APV) experiments can be used to constrain $Z'$ bosons. We use the recent measurement of the $^{133}$Cs nuclear weak charge to estimate lower bounds on the mass of $Z'$ bosons for a number of representative models and to put constraints on the couplings of a newly discovered $Z'$ boson. We also consider how these constraints might be improved by future APV experiments that will measure nuclear weak charges of multiple isotopes. We show how measurements of a single isotope, and combining measurements into ratios and differences, can be used to constrain the couplings of a $Z'$ and discriminate between models. We find that current and future APV experiments could potentially play an important role in unravelling new physics if a $Z'$ were discovered.