Predictions for p+Pb at 4.4A TeV to Test Initial State Nuclear Shadowing at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

TL;DR

This paper compares different nuclear shadowing models for p+Pb collisions at 4.4A TeV at the LHC, finding that global fit models predict minimal suppression, unlike fixed Q^2 models which suggest significant suppression.

Contribution

It provides a comparison of shadowing models using collinear factorized pQCD predictions to clarify initial state effects at LHC energies.

Findings

Global fit shadowing models predict R_{pPb} ≈ 1 with minimal suppression.

Fixed Q^2 shadowing models predict R_{pPb} ≈ 0.6-0.7, indicating larger suppression.

Observation of R_{pPb} < 0.6 would challenge current understanding of initial state effects.

Abstract

Collinear factorized perturbative QCD model predictions are compared for p+Pb at 4.4A TeV to test nuclear shadowing of parton distribution at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The nuclear modification factor (NMF), R_{pPb}(y=0,p_T<20 GeV/c) = dn_{p Pb} /(N_{coll}(b)dn_{pp}), is computed with electron-nucleus (e+A) global fit with different nuclear shadow distributions and compared to fixed Q^2 shadow ansatz used in Monte Carlo Heavy Ion Jet Interacting Generator (HIJING) type models. Due to rapid DGLAP reduction of shadowing with increasing Q^2 used in e+A global fit, our results confirm that no significant initial state suppression is expected (R_{pPb} (p_T) = 1 \pm 0.1) in the p_T range 5 to 20 GeV/ c. In contrast, the fixed Q^2 shadowing models assumed in HIJING type models predict in the above p_T range a sizable suppression, R_{pPb} (p_T) = 0.6-0.7 at mid-pseudorapidity that is similar to the color glass condensate (CGC) model predictions. For central (N_{coll} = 12) p+ Pb collisions and at forward pseudorapidity (\eta = 6) the HIJING type models predict smaller values of nuclear modification factors (R_{pPb}(p_T)) than in minimum bias events at mid-pseudorapidity (\eta = 0). Observation of R_{pPb}(p_T= 5-20 GeV/c) less than 0.6 for minimum bias p+A collisions would pose a serious difficulty for separating initial from final state interactions in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energies.