Energy relaxation at quantum Hall edge

TL;DR

This paper investigates energy relaxation at quantum Hall edges, revealing complex evolution of electron distributions and proposing experimental tests to distinguish physical models, with implications for understanding energy transfer mechanisms.

Contribution

It introduces a non-equilibrium bosonization approach to analyze energy relaxation, highlighting the evolution of electron distributions and proposing new experimental signatures.

Findings

Electron distribution evolves through multiple asymptotics before equilibrium.

At large distances, the distribution becomes Lorentzian with width proportional to QPC transparency.

Low transparency QPCs show a linear scaling of Lorentzian width with transparency.

Abstract

In this work we address the recent experiment of Altimiras and collaborators, where an electron distribution function at the quantum Hall (QH) edge at filling factor 2 has been measured with high precision. It has been reported that the energy of electrons injected into one of the two chiral edge channels with the help of a quantum point contact (QPC) is equally distributed between them, in agreement with earlier predictions, one being based on the Fermi gas approach, and the other utilizing the Luttinger liquid theory. We argue that the physics of the energy relaxation process at the QH edge may in fact be more rich, providing the possibility for discriminating between two physical pictures in experiment. Namely, using the recently proposed non-equilibrium bosonization technique we evaluate the electron distribution function and find that the initial "double-step" distribution created at a QPC evolves through several intermediate asymptotics, before reaching eventual equilibrium state. At short distances the distribution function is found to be asymmetric due to non-Gaussian current noise effects. At larger distances, where noise becomes Gaussian, the distribution function acquires symmetric Lorentzian shape. Importantly, in the regime of low QPC transparencies T the width of the Lorentzian scales linearly with T, in contrast to the case of equilibrium Fermi distribution, whose width scales as square root of T. Therefore, we propose to do measurements at low QPC transparencies. We suggest that the missing energy paradox may be explained by the nonlinear dispersion of the spectrum of edge states.