Vacuum Potentials for the Two Only Permanent Free Particles, Proton and Electron. Appendix D: QEM Theory of IVBs, Higgs

TL;DR

This paper presents a first principles model of vacuum interactions with fundamental charges, deriving quantized particle masses and explaining the proton and electron as stable particles within a dielectric vacuum framework.

Contribution

It introduces a novel dielectric vacuum model that derives quantized masses and explains the stability of proton and electron from first principles.

Findings

Derivation of quadratic vacuum potential functions with quantized levels.

Identification of proton and electron as first excited states in vacuum wells.

Explanation of pair production energy conditions based on vacuum disintegration.

Abstract

The two only species of isolatable, smallest, or unit charges +e and -e present in nature interact with the universal vacuum in a polarisable dielectric representation through two uniquely defined vacuum potential functions. All of the non-composite subatomic particles containing one-unit charges, +e or -e, are therefore formed in terms of the IED model of the respective charges, of zero rest masses, oscillating in either of the two unique vacuum potential fields, together with the radiation waves of their own charges. In this paper we give a first principles treatment of the dynamics of charge in a dielectric vacuum, based on which, combined with solutions for the radiation waves obtained previously, we subsequently derive the vacuum potential function for a given charge q, which we show to be quadratic and consist each of quantised potential levels, giving therefore rise to quantised characteristic oscillation frequencies of the charge and accordingly quantised, sharply-defined masses of the IED particles. By further combining with relevant experimental properties as input information, we determine the IED particles built from the charges +e,-e at their first excited states in the respective vacuum potential wells to be the proton and the electron, the observationally two only stable (permanently lived) and "free" particles containing one-unit charges. Their antiparticles as produced in pair productions can be accordingly determined. The characteristics of all of the other more energetic non-composite subatomic particles can also be recognised. We finally discuss the energy condition for pair production, which requires two successive energy supplies to (1) first disintegrate the bound pair of vaculeon charges +e,-e composing a vacuuon of the vacuum and (2) impart masses to the disintegrated charges. Includes Part D, Quantum Electromagnetic Theory of the IVBs, Higgs.