A newly-discovered young massive star cluster at the end of the Galactic Bar

TL;DR

This study identifies and characterizes a young, massive star cluster near the Galactic Bar's end, revealing its age, mass, and location, and highlighting active star formation in this region.

Contribution

First detailed near-infrared analysis of a young massive star cluster at the Galactic Bar's end, providing insights into its properties and star formation activity.

Findings

Cluster contains nine Paschen-alpha emission stars, including a Wolf-Rayet star.

Estimated cluster age is approximately 3.7 million years.

Cluster mass is greater than 10,000 solar masses.

Abstract

We present a near-infrared study of the candidate star cluster Mercer 81, located at the centre of the G338.4+0.1 HII region, and close to the TeV gamma-ray source HESS 1640-465. Using HST/NICMOS imaging and VLT/ISAAC spectroscopy we have detected a compact and highly extincted cluster of stars, though the bright stars in the centre of the field are in fact foreground objects. The cluster contains nine stars with strong Paschen-alpha emission, one of which we identify as a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star, as well as an A-type supergiant. The line-of-sight extinction is very large, $A_{V}\sim 45$, illustrating the challenges of locating young star clusters in the Galactic Plane. From a quantitative analysis of the WR star we argue for a cluster age of 3.7$^{+0.4}_{-0.5}$\,Myr, and, assuming that all emission-line stars are WRs, a cluster mass of $\ga 10^4$\msun. A kinematic analysis of the cluster's surrounding HII-region shows that the cluster is located in the Galactic disk at a distance of 11$\pm$2\,kpc. This places the cluster close to where the far end of the Bar intersects the Norma spiral arm. This cluster, as well as the nearby cluster [DBS2003]179, represent the first detections of active star cluster formation at this side of the Bar, in contrast to the near side which is well known to have recently undergone a $\sim 10^6$\msun\ starburst episode.