On particle trajectories in linear deep-water waves

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the particle trajectories in linear deep-water waves by examining the Hamiltonian system, revealing that particles experience a forward drift that diminishes with depth, enhancing understanding of wave-particle interactions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed phase portrait of particle motion in linear deep-water waves, highlighting the depth-dependent drift behavior, which was not previously characterized in this way.

Findings

Particles have a forward drift in each wave period.

Drift magnitude decreases with increasing depth.

Phase portrait characterizes particle trajectories comprehensively.

Abstract

We determine the phase portrait of a Hamiltonian system of equations describing the motion of the particles in linear deep-water waves. The particles experience in each period a forward drift which decreases with greater depth.