Finite-temperature phase diagram of two-component bosons in a cubic optical lattice: Three-dimensional t-J model of hard-core bosons

TL;DR

This paper investigates the finite-temperature phase diagram of a three-dimensional two-component bosonic t-J model, revealing various phases and phenomena relevant to cold atom experiments in optical lattices.

Contribution

It introduces a Monte Carlo study of the 3D bosonic t-J model, including the effects of anisotropy and doped holes, and predicts complex phase structures.

Findings

Identification of phase transitions including superfluid and checkerboard order

Observation of phase separation and super-counterflow phenomena

Dependence of phases on anisotropic coupling parameter lpha"

Abstract

We study the three-dimensional bosonic t-J model, i.e., the t-J model of "bosonic electrons", at finite temperatures. This model describes the $s={1 \over 2}$ Heisenberg spin model with the anisotropic exchange coupling $J_{\bot}=-\alpha J_z$ and doped {\it bosonic} holes, which is an effective system of the Bose-Hubbard model with strong repulsions. The bosonic "electron" operator $B_{r\sigma}$ at the site $r$ with a two-component (pseudo-)spin $\sigma (=1,2)$ is treated as a hard-core boson operator, and represented by a composite of two slave particles; a "spinon" described by a Schwinger boson (CP$^1$ boson) $z_{r\sigma}$ and a "holon" described by a hard-core-boson field $\phi_r$ as $B_{r\sigma}=\phi^\dag_r z_{r\sigma}$. By means of Monte Carlo simulations, we study its finite-temperature phase structure including the $\alpha$ dependence, the possible phenomena like appearance of checkerboard long-range order, super-counterflow, superfluid, and phase separation, etc. The obtained results may be taken as predictions about experiments of two-component cold bosonic atoms in the cubic optical lattice.