Photometric distances to young stars in the inner Galactic disk. I. The L = 314$^{o}$ direction

TL;DR

This study uses UBVI photometry, especially U-band data, to determine distances to young stars in the inner Galactic disk, revealing density enhancements that trace spiral arms near longitude 314 degrees.

Contribution

It introduces a robust method combining wide-field photometry and cluster validation to map spiral structure in the inner Milky Way.

Findings

Detected three star groups at 1.5, 2.5, and 5.1 kpc.

Results align with known spiral arm locations.

Validated photometric method with open clusters.

Abstract

The spiral structure of the Milky Way is nowadays receiving renewed attention thanks to the combined efforts of observational campaigns in different wavelength regimes, from the optical to the radio. We start in the paper the exploration of a number of key sectors in the inner Milky Way, where the spiral structure is still poorly known. We search for density enhancements of young stars that might plausibly be associated with spiral structure. To this aim we collect sufficiently wide-field UBVI photometry. The intensive usage of U-band photometry ensures robust determination of reddening and hence distance for stars of spectral type earlier than A0, which are well-known spiral arm tracers. The fields we use are large enough to include in most cases well-studied Galactic clusters, which we use as bench-marks to assess the quality and standardisation of the data, and to validate our method. We focus in this paper on the line of sight to the Galactic longitude l= 314$^o$. First of all, we made exhaustive tests to show that our data-set is in the standard system, and calibrated our method using the two open clusters NGC 5617 and Pismis 19 which happen to be in the field, and for which we found estimates of the basic parameters in full agreement with the literature. We then applied the method to the general field stars and detected signatures of three different groups of stars, evenly distributed across the field of view, at 1.5$^{+0.5}_{-0.2}$, 2.5$^{+0.3}_{-0.5}$, and 5.1$^{+1.5}_{-1.1}$ kpc, respectively. These distances are compatible with the location of the nowadays commonly accepted description of the Carina-Sagittarius and Scutum-Crux arms, at heliocentric distance of $\sim$ 2 an 5 kpc,