Colour flux-tubes in static Pentaquark systems

TL;DR

This study uses lattice QCD to analyze the colour flux-tube structures in static pentaquark systems, revealing complex flux-tube configurations like double-Y and X shapes that depend on quark arrangements.

Contribution

It provides detailed lattice QCD computations of colour flux-tubes in pentaquark systems, illustrating their geometric structures and how they evolve with quark configurations.

Findings

Pentaquark flux-tubes form three-Y-shaped structures with Steiner points.

Tetraquark flux-tubes are described by double-Y or X-shaped configurations.

Flux-tube structures depend on quark-antiquark proximity and arrangement.

Abstract

The colour fields created by the static tetraquark and pentaquark systems are computed in quenched SU(3) lattice QCD, with gauge invariant lattice operators, in a 24^3 x 48 lattice at beta=6.2 . We generate our quenched configurations with GPUs, and detail the respective benchmanrks in different SU(N) groups. While at smaller distances the coulomb potential is expected to dominate, at larger distances it is expected that fundamental flux tubes, similar to the flux-tube between a quark and an antiquark, emerge and confine the quarks. In order to minimize the potential the fundamental flux tubes should connect at 120o angles. We compute the square of the colour fields utilizing plaquettes, and locate the static sources with generalized Wilson loops and with APE smearing. The tetraquark system is well described by a double-Y-shaped flux-tube, with two Steiner points, but when quark-antiquark pairs are close enough the two junctions collapse and we have an X-shaped flux-tube, with one Steiner point. The pentaquark system is well described by a three-Y-shaped flux-tube where the three flux the junctions are Steiner points.