Numerical Simulations of Supernova Dust Destruction. II. Metal-Enriched Ejecta Knots

TL;DR

This study uses hydrodynamic simulations to analyze how metal-enriched supernova ejecta knots destroy dust grains via sputtering, considering various shock velocities and metallicities to understand dust survival in early galaxies.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed simulation framework incorporating metallicity effects on dust destruction in supernova remnants, expanding previous models to include metal-enriched ejecta.

Findings

Higher metallicity can increase dust destruction at high shock velocities.

Dust survival varies significantly among different grain species.

Complete destruction can occur for some grains under extreme conditions.

Abstract

Following our previous work, we investigate through hydrodynamic simulations the destruction of newly-formed dust grains by sputtering in the reverse shocks of supernova remnants. Using an idealized setup of a planar shock impacting a dense, spherical clump, we implant a population of Lagrangian particles into the clump to represent a distribution of dust grains in size and composition. We vary the relative velocity between the reverse shock and ejecta clump to explore the effects of shock-heating and cloud compression. Because supernova ejecta will be metal-enriched, we consider gas metallicities from Z/Zsun = 1 to 100 and their influence on cooling properties of the cloud and the thermal sputtering rates of embedded dust grains. We post-process the simulation output to calculate grain sputtering for a variety of species and size distributions. In the metallicity regime considered in this paper, the balance between increased radiative cooling and increased grain erosion depends on the impact velocity of the reverse shock. For slow shocks (velocity less than or equal to 3000 km/s), the amount of dust destruction is comparable across metallicities, or in some cases is decreased with increased metallicity. For higher shock velocities (velocity greater than or equal to 5000 km/s), an increase in metallicity from Z/Zsun = 10 to 100 can lead to an additional 24% destruction of the initial dust mass. While the total dust destruction varies widely across grain species and simulation parameters, our most extreme cases result in complete destruction for some grain species and only 44% dust mass survival for the most robust species. These survival rates are important in understanding how early supernovae contribute to the observed dust masses in high-redshift galaxies.