Confinement: a real-time visualization

TL;DR

This paper visualizes the real-time dynamics of confined fractionalized particles, specifically spinons in a two-leg spin ladder, using advanced simulation and proposes experimental detection in ultra-cold boson systems.

Contribution

It introduces a visualization method for domain wall dynamics caused by confinement in spin systems and connects it to potential experimental realization.

Findings

Visualization of domain wall dynamics using TEBD algorithm

Quantitative description of Bloch oscillation in spin systems

Proposal for experimental detection in ultra-cold boson systems

Abstract

Due to the mechanism of confinement, as known from quantum chromodynamics, it is difficult to observe individual particles carrying fractional quantum number (e.g. quark with fractional electric charge). A condensed matter example of fractionalized particles is spinons in quasi-one-dimensional spin systems, which are domain walls in the background of Neel configurations carrying spin-1/2. Using the time-evolving block decimation algorithm, we visualize the nontrivial domain wall dynamics induced by the confine mechanism in a two-leg spin-1/2 ladder. It can be illustrated by a simple single-particle picture of Bloch oscillation, not only qualitatively but also quantitatively. We propose the experimental realization and the real time detection of the domain wall dynamics in the ultra-cold boson systems of $^{87}$Rb.