Manifestly non-Gaussian fluctuations in superconductor-normal metal tunnel nanostructures
M. A. Laakso, T. T. Heikkil\"a, and Yuli V. Nazarov

TL;DR
This paper introduces a mesoscopic SINIS structure that exhibits strong, non-Gaussian energy and temperature fluctuations under bias, enabling new control and measurement techniques in superconducting hybrid systems.
Contribution
It proposes a novel experimental setup showing non-Gaussian fluctuations in superconductor-normal metal nanostructures, with potential for feedback control of temperature.
Findings
Demonstrates non-Gaussian fluctuations near quasiparticle tunneling threshold
Proposes measurement via electric current monitoring
Enables feedback schemes for temperature stabilization
Abstract
We propose a mesoscopic setup which exhibits strong and manifestly non-Gaussian fluctuations of energy and temperature when suitably driven out of equilibrium. The setup consists of a normal metal island (N) coupled by tunnel junctions (I) to two superconducting leads (S), forming a SINIS structure, and is biased near the threshold voltage for quasiparticle tunneling, . The fluctuations can be measured by monitoring the time-dependent electric current through the system, which makes the setup suitable for the realization of feedback schemes which allow to stabilize the temperature to the desired value.
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