Finite $p$-groups of class 3 with noninner automorphisms of order $p$

TL;DR

This paper proves that finite non-abelian p-groups of class 3, under certain conditions, always admit non-inner automorphisms of order p that fix the Frattini subgroup, extending known results for class 2 groups.

Contribution

It establishes the existence of non-inner automorphisms of order p for specific classes of finite p-groups of class 3, including cases for p>2 and certain 2-groups, generalizing previous conjectures.

Findings

Finite p-groups of class 3 with p>2 have non-inner automorphisms of order p fixing (G).

Certain 2-groups of class 3 have non-inner automorphisms of order 2 fixing (G).

Results depend on the minimal number of generators and properties of the center of G.

Abstract

A longstanding conjecture asserts that every non-abelian finite $p$-group $G$ admits a non-inner automorphism of order $p$. The conjecture is valid for finite $p$-groups of class 2. Here, we prove every finite non-abelian $p$-group $G$ of class 3 with $p>2$ has a noninner automorphism of order $p$ leaving $\Phi(G)$ elementwise fixed. We also prove that if $G$ is a finite 2-group of class 3 which cannot be generated by 4 elements, then $G$ has a non-inner automorphism of order 2 leaving $\Phi(G)$ elementwise fixed. We also prove that the latter conclusion holds for finite 2-groups $G$ of class 3 such that the center of $G$ is not cyclic and the minimal number of generators of $G$ is 2 or 4 and it holds whenever the center of $G$ is {\em not} 2-generated and the minimal number of generators of $G$ is 3. Some results are also proved for the existence of non-inner automorphisms of order $p$ for a finite $p$-group $G$ under conditions in terms of the minimal number of generators of the center factor of $G$ and a certain function of the rank of $G$.