Chromo-field flux sheets as confining gauge field configurations in the SU(N) Euclidean Yang-Mills theory in the Landau gauge

TL;DR

This paper introduces specific gauge field configurations in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory that form flux sheets and tubes, potentially explaining quark confinement and matching lattice simulation observations.

Contribution

It presents two sets of gauge configurations generating chromo-flux sheets and tubes, linking them to confinement phenomena and lattice center vortices.

Findings

Configurations generate flux sheets with flux tubes in various gauges.

Flux sheets are located on the Gribov horizon in the lattice limit.

Configurations contribute to low energy QCD properties and confinement.

Abstract

For the four-dimensional SU(N) Euclidean Yang-Mills theory in the Landau gauge, we present two sets of gauge field configurations that satisfy the Euclidean equations of motion. These configurations generate four-dimensional chromo-field flux sheets whose spatial cross sections are three-dimensional chromo-field flux tubes. In lattice simulations, they may be detected as center vortices. The first set of gauge field configurations generates chromo-electric flux tubes that should contribute to a chromo-electric flux tube between two static color charges. The string tension for two static color charges in representation r then naturally satisfies the Casimir scaling. Applying a gauge transformation to this set of gauge field configurations, we can transform them into those in the maximal Abelian gauge. These transformed configurations generate chromo-electric flux tubes that should contribute to those observed between two static quarks in lattice simulations performed in the maximal Abelian gauge. The second set of gauge field configurations generates chromo-magnetic flux tubes. When rotated in a plane that includes the temporal-axis and is perpendicular to the flux tube axis, the rotated gauge field configuration generates a chromo-electric flux tube and should contribute to the chromo-electric flux tubes observed in lattice simulations in the Landau gauge. We also argue that when regulated on a lattice, any of the flux sheet gauge field configuration with a finite flux sheet thickness is located on the Gribov horizon in the infinite lattice volume limit. We thus suggest that these sets of gauge field configurations contribute significantly to the low energy properties of QCD, particularly the quark confinement.