Composite-Field Goldstone States and Higgs Mechanism in Dilute Bose Gases

TL;DR

This paper predicts a composite-field Goldstone state in dilute Bose gases, linking superfluidity to a diatom condensate and demonstrating the Higgs mechanism's role in generating gauge particle mass.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of a diatom Goldstone state in dilute Bose gases and connects superfluidity with a U(1) charge-two diatom condensate, applying gauge symmetry principles.

Findings

Presence of a diatom Goldstone state between critical temperatures.

Superfluid density is related to the anomalous density squared.

Gauge particle mass is connected to superfluid density via the Higgs mechanism.

Abstract

We show that a composite-field (diatom) Goldstone state is expected in a dilute Bose gas for temperatures between the Bose gas critical temperature where the atom Bose-Einstein condensate appears and the temperature where superfluidity sets in. The presence of superfluidity is tied to the existence of a U(1) charge-two diatom condensate in the system. By promoting the global U(1) symmetry of the theory to a gauge symmetry, we find that the mass of the gauge particle generated through the Anderson-Higgs mechanism is related to the superfluid density via the Meissner effect and the superfluid density is related to the square of the anomalous density in the Bose system.