High-resolution observations of two OVI absorbers at z=2 towards PKS 1448-232

TL;DR

This study analyzes two high-redshift OVI absorbers towards PKS 1448-232 using high-resolution spectra, revealing their complex multi-phase structures, ionization states, and metallicities, and emphasizing the need for detailed modeling.

Contribution

It provides a detailed ionization and metallicity analysis of two OVI absorbers at z=2, highlighting the complexity and multi-phase nature of high-ionization systems.

Findings

One absorber is simple and metal-rich with coexisting ions in a single phase.

The other is complex with multiple components and non-uniform metallicity.

Multi-phase modeling is essential for accurate physical characterization.

Abstract

To explore the ionization conditions in highly-ionized absorbers at high redshift we have studied in detail two intervening OVI absorbers at z=2 towards the quasar PKS1448-232, based on high (R=75,000) and intermediate (R=45,000) resolution optical VLT/UVES spectra. We find that both absorption systems are composed of several narrow subcomponents with CIV/OVI Doppler-parameters b<10 km/s, typically. This implies that the gas temperatures are T<10^5 K and that the absorbers are photoionized by the UV background. The system at z=2.1098 represents a simple, isolated OVI absorber that has only two absorption components and that is relatively metal-rich (Z\sim 0.6 solar). Ioinization modeling implies that the system is photoionized with OVI, CIV, and HI coexisting in the same gas phase. The second system at z=2.1660 represents a complicated, multi-component absorption system with eight OVI components spanning almost 300 km/s in radial velocity. The photoionization modeling implies that the metallicity is non-uniform and relatively low (<= 0.1 solar) and that the OVI absorption must arise in a gas phase different from that traced by CIV, CIII, and HI. Our detailed study of the two OVI systems towards PKS1448-232 shows that multi-phase, multi-component high-ion absorbers like the one at z=2.1660 require a detailed ionization modeling of the various subcomponents to obtain reliable results on the physical conditions and metal-abundances in the gas.