New features of scattering from a one-dimensional non-Hermitian (complex) potential

TL;DR

This paper explores new features of scattering in one-dimensional non-Hermitian potentials, revealing multiple spectral singularities, asymmetries under time-reversal, and specific behaviors in PT-symmetric cases through a novel parametrization of the Scarf II potential.

Contribution

It introduces a new parametrization of the Scarf II potential that uncovers four novel features, including multiple spectral singularities and asymmetries, expanding understanding of non-Hermitian scattering phenomena.

Findings

Supports two spectral singularities at pre-assigned energies

Supports one spectral singularity with opposite momentum

No spectral singularity in certain PT-symmetric cases

Abstract

For complex one-dimensional potentials, we propose the asymmetry of both reflectivity and transmitivity under time-reversal: $R(-k)\ne R(k)$ and $T(-k) \ne T(k)$, unless the potentials are real or PT-symmetric. For complex PT-symmetric scattering potentials, we propose that $R_{left}(-k)=R_{right}(k)$ and $T(-k)=T(k)$. So far, the spectral singularities (SS) of a one-dimensional non-Hermitian scattering potential are witnessed/conjectured to be at most one. We present a new non-Hermitian parametrization of Scarf II potential to reveal its four new features. Firstly, it displays the just acclaimed (in)variances. Secondly, it can support two spectral singularities at two pre-assigned real energies ($E_*=\alpha^2,\beta^2$) either in $T(k)$ or in $T(-k)$, when $\alpha\beta>0$. Thirdly, when $\alpha \beta <0$ it possesses one SS in $T(k)$ and the other in $T(-k)$. Fourthly, when the potential becomes PT-symmetric $[(\alpha+\beta)=0]$, we get $T(k)=T(-k)$, it possesses a unique SS at $E=\alpha^2$ in both $T(-k)$ and $T(k)$. Lastly, for completeness, when $\alpha=i\gamma$ and $\beta=i\delta$, there are no SS, instead we get two negative energies $-\gamma^2$ and $-\delta^2$ of the complex PT-symmetric Scarf II belonging to the two well-known branches of discrete bound state eigenvalues and no spectral singularity exists in this case. We find them as $E^{+}_{M}=-(\gamma-M)^2$ and $E^{-}_{N}=-(\delta-N)^2$; $M(N)=0,1,2,...$ with $0 \le M (N)< \gamma (\delta)$. {PACS: 03.65.Nk,11.30.Er,42.25.Bs}