Decaying turbulence: what happens when the correlation length varies spatially in two adjacent zones

TL;DR

This study uses numerical simulations to investigate how spatial variations in correlation length affect turbulence decay, energy gradients, and anisotropy development at the interface of two interacting turbulent regions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel numerical experiment analyzing turbulence decay with spatially varying correlation lengths and characterizes transient energy gradients and anisotropy evolution.

Findings

Transient energy gradient peaks and decays over time.

Interface width grows proportionally to initial correlation length ratio.

Anisotropy spreads from the interface to small scales over time.

Abstract

We have imagined a numerical experiment to explore the onset of turbulent intermittency associated with a spatial perturbation of the correlation length. We place two isotropic regions, with different integral scales, inside a volume where the turbulent kinetic energy is initially uniform and leave them to interact and evolve in time. The different length scales produce different decay rates in the two regions. Since the smaller-scale region decays faster, a transient turbulent energy gradient is generated at the interface between the two regions. The transient is characterized by three phases in which the kinetic energy gradient across the interface grows, peaks and then slowly decays. The transient lifetime is almost proportional to the initial ratio of the correlation lengths. The direct numerical simulations also show that the interface width grows in time. The velocity moments inside this interaction zone are seen to depart from their initial isotropic values and, with a certain lag, the anisotropy is seen to spread to small scales. The longitudinal derivative moments also become anisotropic after a few eddy turnover times. This anisotropic behaviour is different from that observed in sheared homogeneous turbulent flows, where high transverse derivative moments are generated, but longitudinal moments almost maintain the isotropic turbulence values. Apart from the behaviour of the energy gradient transients, the results also show the timescaling of the interface diffusion width, and data on the anisotropy of the large and small scales, observed through one-point statistics determined inside the intermittency sublayer, which is associated with the interaction zone.