Deterministic delivery of externally cold and precisely positioned single molecular ions

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a method for preparing, cooling, positioning, and transferring single or multiple molecular ions with micrometer precision, enabling advanced spectroscopic and diffraction experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a deterministic, versatile technique for cold, precisely positioned molecular ions, including efficient transfer and control in multiple traps.

Findings

Molecular ions cooled close to Doppler limit.

Positioning accuracy of one micrometer achieved.

Efficient transfer between traps demonstrated.

Abstract

We present the preparation and deterministic delivery of a selectable number of externally cold molecular ions. A laser cooled ensemble of Mg^+ ions subsequently confined in several linear Paul traps inter-connected via a quadrupole guide serves as a cold bath for a single or up to a few hundred molecular ions. Sympathetic cooling embeds the molecular ions in the crystalline structure. MgH^+ ions, that serve as a model system for a large variety of other possible molecular ions, are cooled down close to the Doppler limit and are positioned with an accuracy of one micrometer. After the production process, severely compromising the vacuum conditions, the molecular ion is efficiently transfered into nearly background-free environment. The transfer of a molecular ion between different traps as well as the control of the molecular ions in the traps is demonstrated. Schemes, optimized for the transfer of a specific number of ions, are realized and their efficiencies are evaluated. This versatile source applicable for broad charge-to-mass ratios of externally cold and precisely positioned molecular ions can serve as a container-free target preparation device well suited for diffraction or spectroscopic measurements on individual molecular ions at high repetition rates (kHz).