The GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey. IV. Baryonic Mass-Velocity-Size Relations of Massive Galaxies

TL;DR

This study establishes a unified dynamical relation for massive galaxies, linking baryonic mass, velocity, and size, by correcting for morphological differences, revealing a fundamental correlation across galaxy types.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized Faber-Jackson relation applicable to all massive galaxies, regardless of morphology or gas content, with reduced scatter and improved universality.

Findings

BFJ relation less scattered than BTF for the full sample

Applying a concentration-based correction aligns disks and spheroids on the same relation

Disks and spheroids show offset in dispersion-size relation, corrected by dispersions

Abstract

We present dynamical scaling relations for a homogeneous and representative sample of ~500 massive galaxies, selected only by stellar mass (>10^10 Msun) and redshift (0.025<z<0.05) as part of the ongoing GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey. We compare baryonic Tully-Fisher (BTF) and Faber-Jackson (BFJ) relations for this sample, and investigate how galaxies scatter around the best fits obtained for pruned subsets of disk-dominated and bulge-dominated systems. The BFJ relation is significantly less scattered than the BTF when the relations are applied to their maximum samples, and is not affected by the inclination problems that plague the BTF. Disk-dominated, gas-rich galaxies systematically deviate from the BFJ relation defined by the spheroids. We demonstrate that by applying a simple correction to the stellar velocity dispersions that depends only on the concentration index of the galaxy, we are able to bring disks and spheroids onto the same dynamical relation -- in other words, we obtain a generalized BFJ relation that holds for all the galaxies in our sample, regardless of morphology, inclination or gas content, and has a scatter smaller than 0.1 dex. We find that disks and spheroids are offset in the stellar dispersion-size relation, and that the offset is removed when corrected dispersions are used instead. The generalized BFJ relation represents a fundamental correlation between the global dark matter and baryonic content of galaxies, which is obeyed by all (massive) systems regardless of morphology. [abridged]