Intertwining semiclassical solutions to a Schr\"{o}dinger-Newton system

TL;DR

This paper investigates semiclassical solutions to a Schr"odinger-Newton system with magnetic and electric potentials, emphasizing symmetry effects and solution concentration as the semiclassical parameter approaches zero.

Contribution

It introduces a framework for analyzing symmetric semiclassical solutions to the Schr"odinger-Newton system with magnetic and electric potentials, revealing how symmetries influence solution multiplicity and concentration.

Findings

Existence of solutions influenced by symmetry group actions.

Solutions concentrate around symmetric points as psilon approaches zero.

The number of solutions relates to the symmetry and potential structure.

Abstract

We study the problem (-\epsilon\mathrm{i}\nabla+A(x)) ^{2}u+V(x)u=\epsilon ^{-2}(\frac{1}{|x|}\ast|u|^{2}) u, u\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{3},\mathbb{C}),\text{\ \ \ \}\epsilon\nabla u+\mathrm{i}Au\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{3},\mathbb{C}^{3}), where $A\colon\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{3}$ is an exterior magnetic potential, $V\colon\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is an exterior electric potential, and $\epsilon$ is a small positive number. If A=0 and $\epsilon=\hbar$ is Planck's constant this problem is equivalent to the Schr\"odinger-Newton equations proposed by Penrose in \cite{pe2}\ to describe his view that quantum state reduction occurs due to some gravitational effect. We assume that $A$ and $V$ are compatible with the action of a group $G$ of linear isometries of $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. Then, for any given homomorphism $\tau:G\rightarrow\mathbb{S}^{1}$ into the unit complex numbers, we show that there is a combined effect of the symmetries and the potential $V$ on the number of semiclassical solutions $u:\mathbb{R}% ^{3}\rightarrow\mathbb{C}$ which satisfy $u(gx)=\tau(g)u(x)$ for all $g\in G$, $x\in\mathbb{R}^{3}$. We also study the concentration behavior of these solutions as $\epsilon\rightarrow0.\medskip$