Wave Propagation in Underwater Acoustic Waveguides with Rough Boundaries

TL;DR

This paper investigates how random surface and bottom irregularities in underwater acoustic waveguides influence mode coupling and amplitude attenuation, revealing that fluctuations mainly cause amplitude decay through mode interactions, especially for higher modes.

Contribution

It provides an asymptotic analysis of mode coupling effects due to boundary roughness, highlighting the dominant mechanisms affecting propagating mode amplitudes in underwater waveguides.

Findings

Surface and bottom fluctuations similarly affect propagating modes.

Amplitude attenuation is primarily due to mode coupling.

Higher modes experience stronger coupling with radiating modes.

Abstract

In underwater acoustic waveguides a pressure field can be decomposed over three kinds of modes: the propagating modes, the radiating modes and the evanescent modes. In this paper, we analyze the effects produced by a randomly perturbed free surface and an uneven bottom topography on the coupling mechanism between these three kinds of modes. Using an asymptotic analysis based on a separation of scales technique we derive the asymptotic form of the distribution of the forward mode amplitudes. We show that the surface and bottom fluctuations affect the propagating-mode amplitudes mainly in the same way. We observe an effective amplitude attenuation which is mainly due to the coupling between the propagating modes themselves. However, for the highest propagating modes this mechanism is stronger and due to an efficient coupling with the radiating modes.