Cosmic Bose dark matter

TL;DR

This paper proposes that cold and hot dark matter could originate from a Bose-Einstein condensate with two components, and uses cosmological data to test and constrain this bosonic dark matter model.

Contribution

It introduces a novel unified bosonic dark matter framework and tests its viability with current and forecasted cosmological data.

Findings

Bosonic dark matter is consistent with current data in the boson gas scenario.

The boson-antiboson pair scenario may become more relevant with future data.

Critical temperature constraints link hot and cold dark matter properties.

Abstract

Cold and hot dark matter (CDM, HDM) imprint distinctive effects on the cosmological observables, naturally, they are often thought to be made of different kinds of particles. However, we point out that CDM and HDM could share a common origin, a Bose-Einstein condensate emerging with two components. In this framework, the mass and temperature constraints on HDM contain fundamental information of CDM, but also, the critical temperature of condensation shall be larger than the HDM temperature. We discuss two scenarios: a gas made of bosons and a gas made of boson-antiboson pairs. We use some cosmological data surveys to test the idea and constrain the bosonic DM parameters, including a forecast for the Planck mission. We find that the bosonic DM picture is consistent with data in the first scenario, although, the second one might be increasingly interesting for future data surveys.