Exploring Particle Acceleration in Gamma-Ray Binaries

TL;DR

This paper investigates various particle acceleration mechanisms in gamma-ray binaries, assessing their efficiency and potential to produce observed high-energy emissions, highlighting Fermi I and shear acceleration as key processes.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of multiple acceleration processes in gamma-ray binaries, identifying conditions under which each mechanism can produce very high energy particles.

Findings

Fermi I acceleration can produce multi-10 TeV particles in mildly relativistic shocks.

Shear acceleration may help particles reach high energies as a complementary process.

Fermi II acceleration is likely too slow for very high energy photons but explains low-energy emission.

Abstract

Binary systems can be powerful sources of non-thermal emission from radio to gamma rays. When the latter are detected, then these objects are known as gamma-ray binaries. In this work, we explore, in the context of gamma-ray binaries, different acceleration processes to estimate their efficiency: Fermi I, Fermi II, shear acceleration, the converter mechanism, and magnetic reconnection. We find that Fermi I acceleration in a mildly relativistic shock can provide, although marginally, the multi-10 TeV particles required to explain observations. Shear acceleration may be a complementary mechanism, giving particles the final boost to reach such a high energies. Fermi II acceleration may be too slow to account for the observed very high energy photons, but may be suitable to explain extended low-energy emission. The converter mechanism seems to require rather high Lorentz factors but cannot be discarded a priori. Standard relativistic shock acceleration requires a highly turbulent, weakly magnetized downstream medium; magnetic reconnection, by itself possibly insufficient to reach very high energies, could perhaps facilitate such a conditions. Further theoretical developments, and a better source characterization, are needed to pinpoint the dominant acceleration mechanism, which need not be one and the same in all sources.