Extragalactic Planetary Nebulae: tracers of the chemical evolution of nearby galaxies
Laura Magrini, Letizia Stanghellini, Denise R. Goncalves

TL;DR
This paper reviews how extragalactic planetary nebulae serve as vital tools for understanding the chemical evolution and history of nearby galaxies through spectroscopic studies.
Contribution
It highlights recent spectroscopic advancements with large telescopes that have improved knowledge of galaxy chemical enrichment and stellar evolution at low metallicity.
Findings
Radial metallicity gradients in disk galaxies evolve over time
Dwarf galaxy chemical evolution insights from planetary nebulae
Stellar evolution processes at low metallicity are better understood
Abstract
The study of the chemical composition of Planetary Nebulae in external galaxies is of paramount importance in the fields of stellar evolution and of the chemical enrichment history of galaxies. In the last years a number of spectroscopic studies with 6-8m-class telescopes have been devoted to this subject improving our knowledge of, among other, the time-evolution of the radial metallicity gradient in disk galaxies, the chemical evolution of dwarf galaxies, and the stellar evolution at low metallicity.
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