No magnetic field in the spotted HgMn star mu Leporis

TL;DR

This study provides the most sensitive search to date for magnetic fields in the HgMn star mu Lep, finding no evidence of magnetism and suggesting chemical spots are formed by non-magnetic processes.

Contribution

It offers the first high-precision, time-series spectroscopic analysis of mu Lep, setting a new upper limit on magnetic fields in HgMn stars and challenging magnetic spot formation theories.

Findings

No magnetic field detected with an upper limit of 3 G

Detected weak line profile variability in multiple elements

Chemical inhomogeneities likely formed by non-magnetic mechanisms

Abstract

Chemically peculiar stars of the mercury-manganese (HgMn) type represent a new class of spotted late-B stars, in which evolving surface chemical inhomogeneities are apparently unrelated to the presence of strong magnetic fields but are produced by some hitherto unknown astrophysical mechanism. The goal of this study is to perform a detailed line profile variability analysis and carry out a sensitive magnetic field search for one of the brightest HgMn stars - mu Lep. We acquired a set of very high-quality intensity and polarization spectra of mu Lep with the HARPSpol polarimeter. These data were analyzed with the multiline technique of least-squares deconvolution in order to extract information on the magnetic field and line profile variability. Our spectra show very weak but definite variability in the lines of Sc, all Fe-peak elements represented in the spectrum of mu Lep, as well as Y, Sr, and Hg. Variability might also be present in the lines of Si and Mg. Anomalous profile shapes of Ti II and Y II lines suggest a dominant axisymmetric distribution of these elements. At the same time, we found no evidence of the magnetic field in mu Lep, with the 3 sigma upper limit of only 3 G for the mean longitudinal magnetic field. This is the most stringent upper limit on the possible magnetic field derived for a spotted HgMn star. The very weak variability detected for many elements in the spectrum mu Lep suggests that low-contrast chemical inhomogeneities may be common in HgMn stars and that they have not been recognized until now due to the limited precision of previous spectroscopic observations and a lack of time-series data. The null result of the magnetic field search reinforces the conclusion that formation of chemical spots in HgMn stars is not magnetically driven.