Control and mixing for 2D Navier-Stokes equations with space-time localised noise

TL;DR

This paper proves the existence and uniqueness of a stationary distribution for a controlled 2D Navier-Stokes system with localized space-time noise, demonstrating exponential mixing under certain controllability assumptions.

Contribution

It establishes the exponential mixing and unique stationary distribution for 2D Navier-Stokes equations with localized space-time noise, using a novel coupling and controllability approach.

Findings

Unique stationary distribution exists for the controlled system.

The system exhibits exponential mixing behavior.

The proof employs coupling, controllability, and optimal transport techniques.

Abstract

We consider randomly forced 2D Navier-Stokes equations in a bounded domain with smooth boundary. It is assumed that the random perturba- tion is non-degenerate, and its law is periodic in time and has a support localised with respect to space and time. Concerning the unperturbed problem, we assume that it is approximately controllable in infinite time by an external force whose support is included in that of the random force. Under these hypotheses, we prove that the Markov process generated by the restriction of solutions to the instants of time proportional to the period possesses a unique stationary distribution, which is exponentially mixing. The proof is based on a coupling argument, a local controllability property of the Navier-Stokes system, an estimate for the total variation distance between a measure and its image under a smooth mapping, and some classical results from the theory of optimal transport.