Single-Particle Excitations Generated by Voltage Pulses

TL;DR

This paper investigates how voltage pulses affect excitations in a 1D electron gas, demonstrating that charge transfer is shape-independent and Lorentzian pulses produce single-particle electron and hole excitations.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical analysis showing the shape independence of charge transfer and proves the single-particle nature of excitations for Lorentzian pulses.

Findings

Charge transfer is shape-independent.

Lorentzian pulses generate single-particle excitations.

Electron and hole excitations are confirmed as single particles.

Abstract

We analyze properties of excitations due to voltage pulses applied to a 1D noninteracting electron gas, assuming that the integral of the voltage over time is equal to the unit of flux. We show that the average charge transfer due to such pulses does not depend on the pulse shape. For pulses with a Lorentzian profile, we prove the single-particle nature of the electron and the hole excitations.