Quasinormal modes of a massless charged scalar field on a small Reissner-Nordstr\"om-anti-de Sitter black hole

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the quasinormal modes of a charged scalar field around small Reissner-Nordström-anti-de Sitter black holes, revealing conditions for superradiant instability through analytical and numerical methods.

Contribution

It provides the first combined analytical and numerical study of superradiant instability conditions for small RN-AdS black holes with charged scalar perturbations.

Findings

Small RN-AdS black holes are unstable under certain charge conditions.

Superradiance condition determines the onset of instability.

Numerical results confirm analytical predictions for various black hole sizes.

Abstract

We investigate quasinormal modes of a massless charged scalar field on a small Reissner-Nordstr\"om-anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black hole both with analytical and numerical approaches. In the analytical approach, by using the small black hole approximation (r_+ << L), we obtain the quasinormal mode frequencies in the limit of r_+/L -> 0, where r_+ and L stand for the black hole event horizon radius and the AdS scale, respectively. We then show that the small RN-AdS black hole is unstable if its quasinormal modes satisfy the superradiance condition and that the instability condition of the RN-AdS black hole in the limit of r_+/L -> 0 is given by Q>(3/eL)Q_c, where Q, Q_c, and e are the charge of the black hole, the critical (maximum) charge of the black hole, and the charge of the scalar field, respectively. In the numerical approach, we calculate the quasinormal modes for the small RN-AdS black holes with r_+ << L and confirm that the RN-AdS black hole is unstable if its quasinormal modes satisfy the superradiance condition. Our numerical results show that the RN-AdS black holes with r_+ =0.2L, 0.1L, and 0.01L become unstable against scalar perturbations with eL=4 when the charge of the black hole satisfies Q > 0.8Q_c, 0.78Q_c, and 0.76Q_c, respectively.