Momentum transfer in non-equilibrium steady states

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new principle called momentum transfer deficit, explaining how energy dissipation in non-equilibrium steady states causes an additional force on Brownian objects, supported by a new model and applications to known systems.

Contribution

It presents a novel principle and a new model to explain momentum transfer deficits in non-equilibrium steady states, clarifying previously unclear phenomena.

Findings

Demonstrates the momentum transfer deficit principle

Applies the principle to the adiabatic piston model

Provides a simple explanation for observed forces in NESS

Abstract

When a Brownian object interacts with non-interacting gas particles under non-equilibrium conditions, the energy dissipation associated to the Brownian motion causes an additional force on the object as a `momentum transfer deficit'. This principle is demonstrated first by a new NESS model and then applied to several known models such as adiabatic piston for which simple explanation has been lacking.