Classical bouncing Universes from vector fields

TL;DR

This paper presents bouncing cosmological solutions driven by vector fields within General Relativity, demonstrating finite energy densities and curvature invariants, with implications for isotropic and anisotropic universe models.

Contribution

It introduces new bouncing solutions in anisotropic and isotropic universes using massless and massive vector fields, extending previous cosmological models.

Findings

Bouncing solutions with finite energy density and curvature invariants.

Existence of isotropic low-energy limits with massive vector fields.

Bounces in higher-dimensional space-times with vector field domination.

Abstract

For the anisotropic Universe filled with massless vector field in the General Relativity frame we obtain bouncing solution for one of scale factors. We obtain the Universe with finite maximal energy density, finite value of $R,R^{\mu\nu}R_{\mu\nu},R^{\mu\nu\alpha\beta}R_{\mu\nu\alpha\beta}$ and non-zero value of a scale factor for directions transverse to a vector field. Such a bounce can be also obtained for a massive vector field with kinetic initial conditions, which gives isotropic low energy limit. We discuss the existence of a bounce for a massless vector field with additional matter fields, such as cosmological constant or dust. We also discuss bouncing solution for massless vector field domination in $n+2$ dimensional space-time.