Band-Pass and OH-Suppression Filters for the E-ELT - Design and Prototyping

TL;DR

This paper discusses the design, manufacturing, and testing of specialized optical filters for the E-ELT to suppress atmospheric OH emission lines in the near-infrared, enhancing astronomical observations.

Contribution

It introduces new design concepts and manufacturing techniques for high-precision OH-suppression filters tailored for the E-ELT's needs.

Findings

Successful development of filter prototypes for the J-band

Effective suppression of atmospheric emission lines demonstrated

High homogeneity and stability achieved in manufacturing

Abstract

Optical filters are used for a variety of purposes at astronomical telescopes. In the near infrared region, from 0.8 to 2.5 um, bandpass and edge filters are used to separate the different astronomical channels, such as the J, H, and K bands. However, in the same wavelength range light emission generated in the earth's atmosphere is superimposed on the stellar radiation. Therefore, ground based astronomical instruments measure, in addition to the stellar light, also unwanted contributions from the earth's atmosphere. The characteristic lines of this OH emission are extremely narrow and distributed over the complete NIR spectral range. The sensitivity of future telescopes, like the European Extreme Large Telescope (E-ELT) which is currently being designed by ESO, can be dramatically improved if the atmospheric emission lines are effectively suppressed while the stellar radiation is efficiently transferred to the detector systems. For this task, new types of optical filters have to be developed. In this framework new design concepts and algorithms must be used, combining the measurement needs with practical restrictions. Certainly, the selected deposition process plays the key role in the manufacturing process. Precise and highly stable deposition systems are necessary to realise such filter systems with an appropriate homogeneity. Moreover, the production control techniques must be adapted to match the high level of precision required in the NIR range. Finally, the characterisation set-ups for such filters systems have to be provided. The manufacturing of such a filter system for a feasibility study of an E-ELT instrument is presented. The design development, the deposition with adapted Ion Beam Sputtering deposition plants, and the characterisation of such filters in the J-Band is described.