A variable mid-infrared synchrotron break associated with the compact jet in GX 339-4

TL;DR

This study detects and analyzes rapid mid-infrared spectral variability in the black hole binary GX 339-4, revealing a shifting jet spectral break and implications for magnetic field and acceleration zone dynamics.

Contribution

First detection of variable mid-infrared jet spectral break in GX 339-4, showing rapid changes and constraining jet magnetic field and acceleration zone properties.

Findings

Mid-infrared spectral break varies on timescales as short as 11 seconds.

Jet radiative power exceeds 6x10^{35} erg/s.

Spectral break located at ~5x10^{13} Hz in multiple epochs.

Abstract

Many X-ray binaries remain undetected in the mid-infrared, a regime where emission from their compact jets is likely to dominate. Here, we report the detection of the black hole binary GX 339-4 with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) during a very bright, hard accretion state in 2010. Combined with a rich contemporaneous multiwavelength dataset, clear spectral curvature is found in the infrared, associated with the peak flux density expected from the compact jet. An optically-thin slope of ~-0.7 and a jet radiative power of >6x10^{35} erg/s (d/8 kpc)^2 are measured. A ~24 h WISE light curve shows dramatic variations in mid-infrared spectral slope on timescales at least as short as the satellite orbital period ~95 mins. There is also significant change during one pair of observations spaced by only 11 s. These variations imply that the spectral break associated with the transition from self-absorbed to optically-thin jet synchrotron radiation must be varying across the full wavelength range of ~3-22 microns that WISE is sensitive to, and more. Based on four-band simultaneous mid-infrared detections, the break lies at ~5x10^{13} Hz in at least two epochs of observation, consistent with a magnetic field B~1.5x10^4 G assuming a single-zone synchrotron emission region. The observed variability implies that either B, or the size of the acceleration zone above the jet base, are being modulated by factors of ~10 on relatively-short timescales.