Galaxy Pairs in COSMOS -- Merger Rate Evolution Since z=1

TL;DR

This study analyzes the evolution of galaxy major-merger rates since z=1 using COSMOS survey data, revealing that massive galaxies undergo significant mergers impacting their stellar mass assembly, while less massive galaxies are mainly shaped by star formation.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed measurement of the mass-dependent major-merger rate evolution since z=1 using a large, mass-limited galaxy pair sample from COSMOS.

Findings

Major-merger rate evolves with an index m=2.2+-0.2 since z=1.

Massive galaxies (1E+10 to 3E+11 M_sun) have undergone 0.5-1.5 mergers since z=1.

Major mergers significantly contribute to the stellar mass growth of massive galaxies.

Abstract

We present results of a statistical study of the cosmic evolution of the mass dependent major-merger rate since z=1. A stellar mass limited sample of close major-merger pairs (the CPAIR sample) was selected from the archive of the COSMOS survey. Pair fractions at different redshifts derived using the CPAIR sample and a local K-band selected pair sample show no significant variations with stellar mass. The pair fraction exhibits moderately strong cosmic evolution, with the best-fitting evolutionary index m=2.2+-0.2. The best-fitting function for the merger rate implies that galaxies with stellar mass between 1E+10 -- 3E+11 M_sun have undergone 0.5 -- 1.5 major-mergers since z=1. Our results show that, for massive galaxies at z<1, major mergers involving star forming galaxies (i.e. wet and mixed mergers) can account for the formation of both ellipticals and red quiescent galaxies (RQGs). On the other hand, major mergers cannot be responsible for the formation of most low mass ellipticals and RQGs. Our quantitative estimates indicate that major mergers have significant impact on the stellar mass assembly of the most massive galaxies, but for less massive galaxies the stellar mass assembly is dominated by the star formation. Comparison with the mass dependent (U)LIRG rates suggests that the frequency of major-merger events is comparable to or higher than that of (U)LIRGs.