Specific features of the average magnitudes and luminosities of quasars and galaxies as a function of redshift and their interpretation in the modified cosmological model

TL;DR

This study analyzes quasar and galaxy magnitudes across redshifts, revealing features consistent with a modified cosmological model that accounts for increasing apparent luminosity with distance, contrasting with standard model predictions.

Contribution

It introduces a modified cosmological model considering non-zero differential of the scale factor, explaining observed luminosity features not accounted for by standard models.

Findings

Magnitudes show characteristic features related to Lyman-alpha absorption.

Average luminosities increase with redshift, challenging standard cosmology.

Modified model reproduces observed magnitude-redshift dependencies.

Abstract

In this paper we examine magnitudes of quasars as a function of redshift in different frequency ranges (u,g,r,i,z). We show that on the smoothed curves mag(Z) in frequency ranges u,g,r there are characteristic features both similar for all the curves and different for different curves. At Z<2 all the curves have practically the same form with two characteristic sections of the negative slope, at Z>2 the forms of the curves significantly differ. The nature of these differences can be interpreted as an influence of Lyman-alpha absorption. Then we analyze the dependencies on redshift of the magnitudes averaged over the sky in the range r, free fromLyman-alpha absorption effect, for galaxies and quasars and show that as for quasars and for galaxies the dependencies of average magnitudes on Z have a nature of converging oscillations with areas of negative slope, corresponding to increase of apparent luminosity with increasing of the distance. We calculate the corresponding values of the average absolute luminosities for the flat space and for different variants of the LambdaCDM model. In all cases they increase with the growth of the redshift. When the redshift increases from 0.02 to 2 then average radiation power of galaxies increases by thousands times. Such changes appear to be impossible which leads us to the assumption that these results are related to the used calculation methods and the features of the metric tensor underlying of the standard cosmological model. In the modified cosmological model which built on the metrics obtained with the considering the non-zero value of the differential of scale factor, appear features that are missing in the standard model, including the effect of increase of the apparent luminosity with the increase of distance. Calculation allows obtaining a curves close to dependencies of average magnitudes on redshift issuing from observation data.