Delicate and robust dynamical recurrences of matter waves in driven optical crystals

TL;DR

This paper investigates the recurrence dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in driven optical lattices, distinguishing between delicate and robust recurrences near nonlinear resonances, with analytical and numerical validation.

Contribution

It introduces a formalism for analyzing delicate and robust dynamical recurrences in driven condensates, applicable to both dilute and strongly interacting regimes.

Findings

Analytical expressions for recurrence time scales near nonlinear resonances.

Good agreement between analytical and numerical results.

Recurrence behaviors depend on the strength of external driving force.

Abstract

We study dynamical recurrences of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical crystal subject to a periodic external driving force. The recurrence behavior of the condensate is analyzed as a function of time close to nonlinear resonances occurring in the classical counterpart. Our mathematical formalism for the recurrence time scales is presented as delicate recurrences, which take place, for instance, when the lattice is perturbed weakly and robust recurrences, which may manifest themselves for a sufficiently strong external driving force. The analysis not only is valid for a dilute condensate, but also is applicable for the strongly interacting homogeneous condensate provided; the external modulation causes no significant change in the density profile of the condensate. We explain the parametric dependence of the dynamical recurrence times, which can easily be realized in laboratory experiments. In addition, we find good agreement between the obtained analytical results and the numerical calculations.