Conserved Correlation in PT -symmetric Systems: Scattering and Bound States

TL;DR

This paper explores the conserved correlation functions in one-dimensional PT-symmetric systems, revealing how symmetry breaking affects scattering, bound states, and the properties of the scattering matrix.

Contribution

It introduces a non-local conserved correlation function in PT-symmetric systems and analyzes its implications for scattering, bound states, and symmetry-breaking phenomena.

Findings

Asymptotic states necessarily break PT-symmetry.

PT-preserving states have real energies and are bound states.

Broken PT-symmetry results in complex conjugate energies and resonances.

Abstract

For one-dimensional PT -symmetric systems, it is observed that the non-local product obtained from the continuity equation can be interpreted as a conserved corre- lation function. This leads to physical conclusions, regarding both discrete and continuum states of such systems. Asymptotic states are shown to have necessarily broken PT -symmetry, leading to modified scattering and transfer matrices. This yields restricted boundary conditions, e.g., in- cidence from both sides, analogous to that of the proposed PT CPA laser. The interpretation of left and right states leads to a Hermitian S-matrix, resulting in the non-conservation of the flux. This further satisfies a duality condition, identical to the optical analogues. However, the non-local conserved scalar implements alternate boundary conditions in terms of in and out states, leading to the pseudo-Hermiticity condition in terms of the scattering matrix. Interestingly, when PT -symmetry is preserved, it leads to stationary states with real energy, naturally inter- pretable as bound states. The broken PT -symmetric phase is also captured by this correlation, with complex-conjugate pair of energies, interpreted as resonances.