The galaxy ancestor problem

TL;DR

This paper proposes the Succeeding Prominent Dynasties Hypothesis (SPDH), suggesting that many high-redshift galaxies are from different evolutionary lines than local galaxies, complicating the study of galaxy evolution.

Contribution

It introduces the SPDH, explaining galaxy observations through surface brightness effects and proposing that many galaxies remain hidden, challenging traditional evolutionary studies.

Findings

High-redshift galaxies may be from different dynasties than local ones.

Surface brightness selection effects explain observed galaxy distributions.

Studying high-redshift galaxies alone may not reveal true evolutionary links.

Abstract

HST finds galaxies whose Tolman dimming should exceed 10 mag. Could evolution alone explain these as our ancestor galaxies? Or could they be representatives of quite a different dynasty whose descendants are no longer prominent today? We explore this latter hypothesis and argue that Surface Brightness Selection Effects naturally bring into focus quite different dynasties from different redshifts. Thus the HST z=7 galaxies could be examples of galaxies whose descendants are both too small and too choked with dust to be recognizable in our neighborhood easily today. Conversely the ancestors of the Milky Way and its obvious neighbors will have completely sunk below the sky at z>1.2 although their diffuse light could account for the missing Reionization flux. This Succeeding Prominent Dynasties Hypothesis (SPDH) fits the existing observations both naturally and well,including the bizarre distributions of galaxy surface brightnesses found in deep fields, the angular size ~ inverse (1+z) law,'Downsizing' which turns out to be an 'illusion' in the sense that it does not imply evolution, 'Infant Mortality', i.e. the discrepancy between stars born and stars seen, and finally the recently discovered and unexpected excess of QSOAL DLAs at high redshift. If the SPDH is true then a large proportion of galaxies remain sunk from sight, probably at all redshifts. We show that fishing them out of the sky by their optical emissions alone will be practically impossible, even when they are nearby. More ingenious methods will be needed to detect them. It follows that disentangling galaxy evolution through studying ever higher redshift galaxies may be a forlorn hope because one will be comparing young apples with old oranges, not descendants with their own ancestors.