Frozen steady states in active systems

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that active systems can exhibit frozen steady states due to coupling between active transport, growth, and mechanical properties, combining experiments and simulations.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of frozen steady states in inherently active systems and identifies the coupling mechanisms responsible for pattern formation.

Findings

Frozen states observed in high-density active systems.

Coupling between growth and active transport leads to pattern formation.

Simulations confirm the role of mechanical properties in state emergence.

Abstract

Even simple active systems can show a plethora of intriguing phenomena and often we find complexity were we would have expected simplicity. One striking example is the occurrence of a quiescent or absorbing state with frozen fluctuations that at first sight seems to be impossible for active matter driven by the incessant input of energy. While such states were reported for externally driven systems through macroscopic shear or agitation, the investigation of frozen active states in inherently active systems like cytoskeletal suspensions or active gels is still at large. Using high density motility assay experiments, we demonstrate that frozen steady states can arise in active systems if active transport is coupled to growth processes. The experiments are complemented by agent-based simulations which identify the coupling between self-organization, growth and mechanical properties to be responsible for the pattern formation process.