Microfluidic propulsion by the metachronal beating of magnetic artificial cilia: a numerical analysis

TL;DR

This study uses numerical simulations to analyze how metachronal waves in magnetically-driven artificial cilia enhance and direct fluid flow in microchannels, revealing that antiplectic waves significantly improve flow efficiency.

Contribution

It introduces a coupled magneto-mechanical model to investigate the impact of metachronal wave direction on artificial cilia-driven microfluidic flow, highlighting the flow enhancement mechanisms.

Findings

Metachronal waves significantly increase fluid flow in microchannels.

Antiplectic metachrony yields greater flow enhancement than symplectic.

Flow obstruction during the effective stroke influences flow direction and efficiency.

Abstract

In this work we study the effect of metachronal waves on the flow created by magnetically-driven plate-like artificial cilia in microchannels using numerical simulations. The simulations are performed using a coupled magneto-mechanical solid-fluid computational model that captures the physical interactions between the fluid flow, ciliary deformation and applied magnetic field. When a rotating magnetic field is applied to super-paramagnetic artificial cilia, they mimic the asymmetric motion of natural cilia, consisting of an effective and recovery stroke. When a phase-difference is prescribed between neighbouring cilia, metachronal waves develop. Due to the discrete nature of the cilia, the metachronal waves change direction when the phase difference becomes sufficiently large, resulting in antiplectic as well as symplectic metachrony. We show that the fluid flow created by the artificial cilia is significantly enhanced in the presence of metachronal waves and that the fluid flow becomes unidirectional. Antiplectic metachrony is observed to lead to a considerable enhancement in flow compared to symplectic metachrony, when the cilia spacing is small. Obstruction of flow in the direction of the effective stroke for the case of symplectic metachrony was found to be the key mechanism that governs this effect.