The curious conundrum regarding sulfur and oxygen abundances in planetary nebulae
R.B.C. Henry, A. Speck, A.I. Karakas, and G.J. Ferland
TL;DR
This paper investigates the sulfur abundance anomaly in planetary nebulae, proposing that an unidentified feature of the nebular gas affecting ionization correction factors may be the key to understanding the discrepancy.
Contribution
It introduces the hypothesis that an unknown property of nebular gas influences sulfur measurements, addressing a longstanding anomaly.
Findings
No current explanation fully accounts for the sulfur anomaly.
The anomaly may be due to an unidentified feature affecting ionization correction.
Further research is needed to identify the nebular gas property involved.
Abstract
We carefully consider numerous explanations for the sulfur abundance anomaly in planetary nebulae. No one rationale appears to be satisfactory, and we suggest that the ultimate explanation is likely to be a heretofore unidentified feature of the nebular gas which significantly impacts the sulfur ionization correction factor.
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